Classes 15 and 16 - The poster

So finally after much debate regarding my poster to do with "Is Junk Food Really Cheap in the Long Run", I struggled with an internal struggle of sorts. I came to the realization that I did not like any of my ideas, because they at worst were preachy and at best they were depressing or simply stating facts or trying to give people a different look at obesity which just did not sit well with me. The thing I HATE, yes HATE about social justice posters are these qualities I have just stated above. When I see posters or images like this, and trust me they come at me all day from everywhere, I realize how immune I am to them as they do not offer me a way to help the situation, but are either simply depressing in restating already well know facts or stats, or new ones, or they are preaching either overtly or smugly what or what not to do, or what or what is not good for you and why. Arrrrrrrrr.....

This is why I wanted to create a poster to do with change. So instead I stick with the topic of obesity and I add to it the element of change and choice. I still want to appeal to as many people as possible, and because I am interested in helping, I do not profess that a poster can solve the problem or even come close, but what it can do is plant a seed of change or choice - which I feel is rather more effective than simply depressing people and then turning them off, thus making the problem just seem daunting. Oh and on another not, the posters that do advocate change, want change NOW, not soon, not tomorrow, not next year, but NOW or YESTERDAY - these then well... they tend to go towards making people feel hopeless as it cannot all happen NOW! Change takes time, even if we may not have the time, change takes time. Lets get back to the basics people. Its called one step at a time, or one small change every week - way more effective than having to climb a full mountain in an hour.

Sorry for the rant, but really, we need to think about what we put out there in the world in how it is going to affect people. So anyhow my new poster design will aim as stated above not to tell people to change NOW, or DEMAND that they change OR ELSE, but it aims to give people a choice, an option, compassion, understanding that change does take time, and respect that it is their choice.

So below I have put the image of my final poster, it is not "pretty", or "fancy" or even "sensational". My poster is not meant to shock people, or sway their opinion. My poster is about respect, and choice, and truth, and time. It is a poster that I can put into the world that I can hope affects people in a positive light, and at least does not depress people, or make them feel worse about themselves, or hopeless, I want to give them hope that things are possible, and not a fantasical hope, but a realistic hope. This is a poster I am comfortable sending out into the world.

Class 014

In class on Tuesday this week, we basically alpha channeled a bottle of the internet, and then added some text and labeling to define the bottle. I chose a wine bottle and then added an Art Nouveau label on the front with text saying Flamenco. We learned how to warp text and also use more layer properties and things. We copied the label twice and after clipping both labels it into the bottle on top of one another, we turned the opacity on the lower label layer low, and on the top one we set the layer property to "overlay" and turned the opacity down just a bit. The resulting look is as though the label is on the bottle as doing this allows the qualities of light and shadow on the bottle to come through. This look is helped along by adding an outer glow to the bottle. I also found a cork online, to which I alpha channeled and added to the image. To get the look that the cork is in the bottle, I created a copy of the cork layer and clipped it into the bottle and then lowered its opacity. I also added a half layer of red, also clipped into the bottle, and lowered in opacity to give a look that the bottle is filled with wine.
On the background behind the bottle, we added a radial gradient using the gradient tool to achieve a dramatic effect.

Classes 12 and 13; The Postcards

So I decided to create a postcard for Vancouver Fashion Week and a postcard design for the Emily Carr University Degree Show / Exhibition

For the Emily Carr Postcard, I used in Photoshop:

• Text tool
• Eye Dropper Tool
• Shape Tool 
• Smudge Tool
• Clipping Mask 
• Rulers 
• Brushes 
• Drop Shadow 
• Layer filters 

Postcard for the Emily Carr University Grad Exhibition

 For the Vancouver Fashion Week Postcard I used in Illustrator: The pen tool
And in Photoshop I used:

• Text tool
• Clipping Mask
• Smudge Tool
• Brushes 
• Layer Filters
• Brushes 
• Gradient
• Lighting Filters
• Warp tool 
• Transform tool
• Rulers 
• Paint bucket 

Webpage

I have just put together my art website created with weebly (because yes its free!)

The address is 7ahira.weebly.com

Class 011 - Illustrator

Today in class we began to delve into the Adobe program known as Illustrator.

Using the pen tool in Illustrator is, at least I find, a more intuitive process than in Photoshop, that said, I still like Photoshop for brushes, and filters and cleaning up drawings and the rest.

We learned how to group things in Illustrator in groups that we could later go into and modify, and then learned how to place things made in Illustrator into Photoshop - using placement, and or dropping. Depending if you leave it, your placed object or illustration, as a vector or not within Photoshop, will change the quality of the image. Vectors having a much higher quality line.

I am feeling for sure a lot less intimidated now by Illustrator, and am excited to learn more.

The image below was of a frog, traced and colored in Illustrator and then placed in Photoshop with a background and text. A duplicate frog was created in photoshop, and played around with using brushes and filters, and this frog was clipped into the original frog from Illustrator

Class 010 - What is my poster about?

Ok so for my poster I have picked my topic to be Obesity, and I have picked my narrowed focus to be:
Is Junk food really cheaper in the long run?
Studies have shown and continue to be shown that junk food eaten frequently overtime leads to obesity, high cholesterol, heart issues, diabetes, and an over all diminished quality off life. Taking thus these factors into consideration over fast food places which tout cheap but affordable food, I ask is it really cheaper if you factor in future medical bills and a usually much poorer quality of life.

This is a major issue in the Western world today as 1 in 3 people are considered to be overweight and a whopping 15% considered to be obese. On top of this all of the issues related above, are all on the rise at a very high rate of rise. This is concerning to say the least.

My poster will aim to change the perception of what really is cheap, and is aimed at people who choose their foods and snacks, at university and high school students who buy their lunches, and at parents who usually pay for their children's food as well as their own.

This poster could really be placed everywhere from schools to grocery stores to anywhere in the city. It is relevant and necessary to change our perceptions.

Class 009 - Photo manipulation and retouching

Learned how to properly use curves, spot healing, and burn tools, and also the use of filters of Liquify, Unsharp, and High Pass.

In our image manipulation we first took an large image of a face without makeup from the web, and then duplicated the face to create a new layer off of which to work from which we called face.

On this new duplicated layer we first evened out the redness of the facial image by first manipulating the shadow and light of the image subtly using curves, then we played with color balance in shadows, highlights and mid-tones of the skin to even it out better. Our final area of manipulation to even out skin was to use hue and saturation to again subtly manipulate a little more the image.

Next we used an unsharp filter on the face from under filters, to sharpen the eyes. We then used the clone stamp (lower opacity is more subtle) to get rid of skin blemishes like scars, zits, bruises, warts, large pores, etc.

At this stage we created a duplicate layer of this layer, and called it skin. On this layer we used a quick mask to redden out the skin of the face and neck of the face image, and then clicked of the mask, were left with a marquee around the skin select inverse-ed the marquee, and then deleted it so on this layer we are only left with skin. We added a Gaussian blur to this layer at about a 4 and then put this layers opacity down to about 85.

We then created another duplicate layer of the "face" layer, not the skin layer, and placed it over top the skin layer only to clip it in. We called this new layer face 2. Under filter / other, we placed a high pass filter over top this layer, and set it again to about 4, and then under layer options we selected linear light. We then set the opacity of this layer to 40.

We selected now the layers called face, skin, and face 2, and under layer, we merged them into a single layer. We called this merged layer face.

We duplicated the new face layer and then on the duplicate layer we used quick mask to select the whites of the eyes to adjust them to better brightness, and then the lips to set them to a darker red tone. We then, under filter, pressed on Liquify and were taken into a window of manipulations including push and pull tools as well as pucker and bloat to enlarge the eyes and lips of the face, narrow the chin, ect.

I felt rather bad using that image of the woman, to post here the before and after photos. I just would not want to imagine her finding this blog and the image of her. That would be sad :( So then I used a crappy image of myself and celebrified it up using the methods described above.

Me - blemishes and all

So I evened out skin tone, got rid of blemishes, plumped the lips, rouged the lips, restructured the nose, etc, and this is why one should never look at magazines and feel bad :) It is all fake. 

I actually spoke to a guy who does the cover shots for some large magazine, and he told me that after hair, make up, styling, lighting, and photography, the images then get retouched using Photoshop for about 15- 30 hours. Sad but true. I only spent about an hour on this one, so you can just imagine what it would look like another 14 or 29 hours from now.

Class 8 - Elocutio and Dispositio

Today in class we began to look into Elocutio and Dispositio.

I shall explain them below

ELOCUTIO - a selection of expressions used to visually translate linguistic sentences.








The Expressions

• Metonymy consists of substitution of one element for another which holds a relationship. 

 Cause by Effect
- Envy can equal a scratched car

Instrument by author
- Arman (Artist) = painting using objects to sell Absolut Vodka

Instrument by user
- We are all witness - Nike       in which runners = the athlete or in which MJ is represented by the white glove.

Product by Producer
- Soda = Logo (Marketing of brands uses this - well placed brands)

Object by place of origin
- Green Tea = China

• Synechdoche - a form of metonymy in which the whole is represented by its most significant parts.      Material / Conceptual 

Whole by its parts
- Jazz = String Instrument / Instrument = Material Synechdoche (central part with circle) / Art = paint brushes -----> For a Arts and Jazz Poster in which a circular tub of paint is overlain with long skinny brushes and both sit on top a wooden curved table.

(People like visually attractive posters that are not boring or threatening)

- Vodka = Bottle / Geneva = Swiss Watches / Watch = Machinery (Material Synechdoche) - Who is this add for? - The wealthy high class business man who knows the calibre of a Swiss watch, and understands the high quality workings. Where will it be placed? - An in flight magazine, or other high end magazine

- Executive = Shirt fragment / American = Flag / Flag = white shirt with blue tie and red stains - Add for the movie American Psycho

• Metaphor - using expression with a different meaning or in a different context than usual / It is a symbolic representative of the main idea that waits to be communicated using two images which have no real relationship 

- Water basin capacity = Sponge  capacity = To sell the sponge

- Tampon capacity = dam capacity = to sell the tampon

- Laundry as sea life = to sell the Aquatis washer

Mix of Metonymy - object by place of origin AND Metaphor of the matador
- Man holding cork screw with same look and attitude of a matador - to sell Spanish wine

• Hyperbole - used to make a part of an object more evident by taking it to an extreme 

- Dog digging into cement - Add for Pedigree - For strong dogs
- DHL sticker on Elephant skin - No size limits
- Motorola phone - exaggerated reaction from the competition in an advertisement

• Personification - Treating the object as an animal or human

- Pop Culture- Bottle turned Marylin - Absolut Vodka
- Heiniken - fresher world - ice reaching for the cold beer
- Mascots like Disney characters to sell things like cereals

• Oxymoron - using the contrary (opposite) elements 

- Add in which human meshed body is half woman (legs in high heels) and male athlete about to run - power is nothing without control - Apple

• Antiphrasis - Uses text or legend contrary to what it represents in the image - Irony 

- True spirit of Olympics - Torch and Tanks - Amnesty International
- Well at least he drives a Prius
- United Colors of Benetton - Older adds (Inter-racial topics, provoking images) - Electric Chair (death penalty) - Too many concerns and arguments - The Director then left and opened renowned design school - FABRICA

DISPOSITIO

Ordering / Composing / Arranging
Graphic Design has built its own resources to order and place the formal elements

• Typography
• Composition 
• Color 
• Photo vs. Illustration 
• Vertical vs. Horizontal 
• Symettry 
• Size 
• Pattern 
• Texture 
• Shadow and Light 
• Tint and Shade 
• Perspective 

- 1 cat or 3 or a bunch?
- Light colors or mid or mixed or dark?
- Near or Far perspective

COMPOSITION
- 3 things - First Second Third - Picture Text Slogan
Placement
- Tony Kushner - Design for Dissent
-- Make the poster impressive - Calls to attention
-- Smart - push with what you can
-- No preaching - find smarter or more interesting ways than boring offensive too literal things
-- Communicate the message clearly
--Get people interested to find out more
--Use posters for their strengths, not too cram as much info onto a space as possible.

I need to check out
- Positive Poster
- 50 by 70

Inspiration for my plate

I will have the references up for these images over the next few days, along with descriptions about them. :)

These first few images are all works dating from the Fatimid period of Islam.

Other Inspiration and research for my plate

These few images are a bunch of really nifty or beautiful plates that I just had to include as inspiration!

The Other Plate

So it's midnight and I have spent a good part of the day creating one other plate design. I wanted to see if I could create a plate design based on intricate and old pattern work from the Fatimid period of Islam. I wanted to create an opulent plate for a company like Hermes; an older high end company that was international and would appreciate an old world geometric plate design. The Fatimid period of Islam took place between 900 and 1100 AD, and was renowned for both its floral and geometric pattern work, intricacies, and revival of luster use in ceramics. As such the plate I have designed is a more modern version of art of this period, and uses the same floral and geometric pattern work, along with modern technologies of high end plate creation in the blending of this opulent past with a revival of the present.

The plate design took a while to create, especially with the boarder work around the plate. The creation of the design required the use of clipping masks, brush creations, pattern creations, filters, the wand, pen tool and paths, etc. I was pretty happy with the out come, finally :)

Class 007 The Plate

Well.... I have decided that I really don't want to go into heavy poster material so I'll keep it light and go with a nice message that does have to do with life :)

What - The Slogan - Step out, Walk out, Run out, Dance out, Wheel out... Discover the world

Why - Because who isn't guilty of hiding from or forgetting the world playing games, being on the internet, watching telly, or working?

How will it work - Well the poster and image will be happy, thus not guilt tripping people for what they might not being doing. Inspiring people with fun images about discovering the world outside.

For Who - Aimed at - All ages really - but focusing on those between the ages of 10 and 40 - and age when people tend to become really busy.

When - Most necessary in the winter months when we (especially here in North America) tend to vegetate more and hide from harsher conditions

Where - this poster could be located in areas people are or feel forced to go to, like school, or major centers of work, they could also be located in high car traffic areas for those who take the car to and from these locations to home. Like wise they could be located at prominent train or bus stops.


Ok Plate now
I created a series of 4 plates for the company known as curousite a funky online boutique store specializing in unusual gifts. The set of plates is modeled of the art movement know as Dada.

Dada was both an art (anti-art) and literary movement, aimed at creating "non art" that went against traditional art forms pre World War one. The movement began in Switzerland, and spread from there, while incensing viewers with its nonsensical often rather obscene or silly pieces, including Marcel Duchamp's infamous "Fountain" piece. This piece was a urinal turned upside down and called a fountain.

What I have done is to create a series of plates within a tray, based on a single persons one bedroom apartment and typical signage used today in North America and Europe. The tray is 11 inches by 11 inches and holds four smaller plates within it, which can be divided in whichever way the user wants. Thus the plates gain a few perspectives, or the plates can make no sense at all with their smaller irregular sizes.

The tray and plates could be sold as a set, or separately. Perhaps the user has a two bedroom apartment or a four bedroom house, or simply just likes sleeping :)

The 1 Bedroom

Class 6 - More Masking

Ok so for this class we played with more masking and masking with paths and text.

So in regards to masking, when one creates a mask after having created a closed path with the pen tool, one can then add to or subtract from that mask by using the pen tool to create more paths and masks, followed by the black paint bucket onto the mask side, or erasing from it.

With text, one can marquee part of the text, and black the area with the black paint bucket to remove clipping from occurring in that area. Text must be white.

Below are images of what we created in class

We blurred the background image, after creating a copy of it. We created the text of runner and clipped the second background image (not blurred) into it. We made sure the runner text was white, and then added a mask to the text. We put a marquee around all letters except the final R. We then on the mask side of the text filled the marquee with the black paint bucket thus eliminating clipping from occurring in that area. 

I created this image again using the same techniques as mentioned above, except that I only blacked out half of the word sweets, and then lowered the opacity of the mask, hence the darkness of the letters on the one side. I also added embossing to the text, and a little plastic wrap filter to the lollys. 

I like cats, but this is kinda cheesy I agree. I was tired, so created a sleepy image of a bunch of cat images clipped into the text of sleepy. I have added a drop shadow on the text as well as rendered half opacity clouds on the blurred background image.

In class we created with the pen tool paths around the glasses. We then turned these into paths and put them over top a sun beach scene. We then created a path around the table and blacked it out on the clipping side of the wine glass to include the table in the image.

Class 5 - Poster and Plate Design 101

Intellectio

• What is your topic 
• When, Where, Why, For WHOM
• References and Sources 

Inventio

• Key arguments 
• What do I want to say 
• What do I want to tell 
• 30 second pitch - One phrase 

Poster Design - Honestly torn between everything - how to narrow - what is most important to me?

• Change takes time and perseverance - Transformation
• Discover your world :) - go out and PLAY
• 1 in 3 women will be raped in her lifetime :(
• Food Costs ;)
• Cheap Protein - Fast Food or Lentils 
• Cheap Vegetables - French Fries and K or Boiled Broccoli 
• Cheap Fruit - Juice or what ever is in season 
• Cheap carbs - Kellogs or Oats 
• Its about CHOICE 
• Willpower is a choice :) 
• Internet porn - violence and relationships :(

 Ok I will begin to research and think about these things in the mean time and on a happier note
the plate design

Ideas

• Art Deco or Art Nouveau (think Erte and Mucha) for Anthropologie or Kate Spade
• Islamic art of the Fatimid Period (think Alhambra and Taj Mahal) for Tiffanie's or Hermes
• Pop Art (think Warhol) or Surrealism (think Arp or Miro) for Agatha Ruiz de La Prada 
• Dada (think Magritte and Duchamp) for the MOMA or HunkyDory Home uk 

I am thinking more along designing one plate for Tiffanie's or Kate Spade, and a series of plates either for HunkyDoryHome uk or Agatha Ruiz de La Prada

Today we learned about Clipping Masks and Creating your own brush in Photoshop
 Fun!! - Yes I learned something again!!
 So clipping masks - Between two layers, and placing the layer on top that you want to fit into the layer below, in the layers window place your cursor over the area between two layers while holding down the option key; you should see the hand turn to a mini ven diagram and click - Yay!!
PS -you must make sure that the layer being clipped into (the one below) is on a checkered background - meaning part is invisible, or it wont really work. 

Also creating brush pre sets - To create your own brush - make a brush using a pencil or brush, then find Edit at the top menu bar, and then clicking on it go down until you come to "define brush preset".
Click and name the brush and then save it and use it! :)

Plate with clipped random brush strokes and dots. I have also added a gradient to the brush layer.

Large rose images taken from the internet and clipped into the plate.

Plate with white overlay onto which a pattern of graph paper is over top. Brush preset created of squiggle and replicated. 

Two brush presets created and put on plate in rotating pattern via transforms. 

Brush preset created along with imposed clipped image into plate, and text.

Class 4 - Visual Rhetoric

The project we will now be working on in this class is one of a plate design. Yes like a dinner plate design. We must base the design on an art movement, and we do have a choice of picking what company we design for. So for example I could design a very intricate dinner plate for Villeroy and Boch who specialize in more of the fancy wedding dinner plates, or I could design a funky or minimalist plate for Ikea or a whimsical one for Anthropologie (Sigh... I love this store)

Anyhow, What is Visual Rhetoric?

Visual Rhetoric is a 4 part design process being taught to us by our professor. 
It consists of:

1. Intellectio
2. Inventio
3. Dispositio
4. Elocutio 

We shall be using this process to create a poster for some sort of social justice.

First of all what is process?

1. Taking something through a routine set of procedures to convert them from one form to another
2. Creating a solution to a problem
3. Improving or remedying a condition
4. A particular course of action intended to achieve a result

Today we were told about the first two parts of the design process know as Visual Rhetoric - Intellectio and Inventio. Below I shall describe them.

1. Intellectio

• Design is an argumentative field 
• Design is 
• Persuasion and Communication
• A process of reception and understanding 
• Meant for an intended audience 
• Analytical discourse to understand main ideas about a topic 
• Helps to clarify 

• Communication 
• Shallow or Deep? 
• If we tell someone not to do it, invariably they will go out and do it
• Fear shuts people down
• 2 or more opposite viewpoints 
• Graphic design is a discourse practice based on agreements 
• Topics that raise emotion

• Marketing 
• The client and the designer both have a persuasive intent 
• The job is to maintain or modify a belief
• MAC is about the cool factor and quality design 
• Each add only focuses on one argument at a time - Narrow it down
• PC is about appealing to everyone like Mc Donalds

• Education 
• To teach people about something - sex, drugs, peer pressure, happiness, chocolate :)
• Or orient people within a particular space - where the bathroom is, how to fly safely :) 
• Webdesign - orientation in a virtual space - how to navigate it 
• Old newspapers 

 What is your intent 
To build arguments the designer must know how opponent (S) think
What are the main arguments and the counter arguments?
There are always two viewpoints 
No empty arguments - do your research and debate 


What is the context 

• How 
• What (topic) 
• When 
• Why 
• Where 
• For who

Narrow down 

Think about time and resources

2. Inventio 

• Create discourse 
• Conception of discourse 
• Find general arguments and persuasive resources
• Discourse is created and built from what was found in Intellectio 
• Find and NARROW - the clearer the better 
• Creative and productive process - practical process - only uses contents that are good for its cause 

Bold in Argument

• Inventio is the process of creation but uses common places that have a people in mind 
• FOR WHO - culture, language, education, careers, gender, age 
• 30 seconds - 1 phrase 
• Logo 3 nouns 
• What is the objective 
• What message do you want to communicate 
• How do you want to say it 

• Keep an open mind 
• Expand 
• The good, the bad, the awful 
• All ideas count 
• Mind map

Class 3 and the pen tool

So I missed this class, was visiting with family in Calgary!

What did I miss, using the pen tool - basic but finicky - and the blur filters, so now I've messed around with both, and images showing mess around are posted below.

So I grabbed an image of the humming bird of the net, used the pen tool to trace it. After using the pen tool to trace the image fully, and closing the path, I added a layer mask (the camera looking icon at the bottom of the layer window) and voila - rather like using the majic wand tool. I added a small motion blur to the humming bird, and then created its duplicate, and threw them on a fun background. I enjoy reefs, so :)

For this one I have changed the colors in the background, and added a heavy motion blur to the background. I have also added a bit of light to the closer bird.

Cheers for now

Classes 1 and 2

Class One
Learned about our projects and what we will be doing for the class.

Class Two

In Photoshop we went through

1. Image resizing 
2. Transform Tool 
3. Actions 

So image resizing is when you use the transform tool to resize images within photoshop via scaling the image either up or down. If one holds the shift key down while resizing, the image will resize equally.

Actions were pretty new to me. And awesome. So this is where one can create a range of motions, almost like a dance move, that one would like to apply within an image numerous times.

How is this done? One makes sure the window for actions is open. In the corner of the actions window is a tiny menu tab, that when pressed, shows a menu including "new action..." Which is what you choose.
Name your new action, and then at the bottom of the action window make sure the red tab is on (circle tab) and create your action - you can scale, filter, color, etc - Then when you are finished you press stop the square tab. You can now apply your action as many times as you want by pressing the play tab :)

More Tricks and Tips

1. See layers as elements - like papers on top of one another
2. Make sure you use high resolution (pixels per inch) files - especially for print
3. Use quick mask (the camera under the two color squares on the side bar) to paint out areas - should be pink - then when exiting quick mask, that area pinked out becomes a marquee of sorts, and can be copied and pasted.

I created the hearts by creating a new action. I then moved the hearts around. An image of a car was pulled of the internet. The car was pinked out with a brush using quick mask, then quick mask was left, and the marquee surrounding the car was used to copy and paste the car into this image. Opacity changes were used, as well as filters, and the transform tool on the car.

Applied Design

I began another arts education class up at the university last week, and the course is Applied Design. I honestly was not sure what it was about. So doing what I do, I looked up the prof on google, and thought great, a teacher who currently practices the craft. :) And so far, I am learning loads.

I have to start to catch up on blog post though - relaying and showing what we've been up to in the class, and what I have been up to at home.


I am posting a few images before: to show my previous projects and skills using Photoshop

I designed this dress a few years ago, and had it made. I took photos of lovely Hannah in the dress, and used photoshop to clean up the images and placed Hannah in various locations. 

I retouched this image in photoshop, and then played around with various photo-filters

I created this poster in Photoshop using elements of text and collage. The poster was for my graduation film "Cusicoyllur - The Tale of an Incan Princess", created while I was at the Emily Carr University in Vancouver. 

This is an event poster I created for an event for the Victoria chapter of Engineers Without Boarders. Again, this was created in photoshop. 

This is a front and back cover I created for a book called "Sarah V and the Big Move" by Zeenat Virani. This book will be available online in 2012.

That's all for now folks.
Cheers

Perfumery and Silk Screen

Ok, so I am really stoked about how this print came out, after spending countless hours in studio.

And of course with my perfume obsession... well... :)

 

To learn more about perfumery, check out - 7ahira.weebly.com

Silk Screen Process

For our last project in our print class, we were asked to create a 4 color print using silk screening.

What follows is a breakdown of the silk screen process:

Materials Needed 

1. Acetate and permanent markers 
2. Screen
3. Photo emulsion, emulsion sensitizer, and trough
4. Dark cupboard
5. Either a photo box (box with black uv lights and timer) or photo flood light and stopwatch and piece of glass
6. Sink
7. Spatula, fabric or screen print inks, and transparent base extender
8. Squeegee, registration board with hinge clamps, masking tape, and bumpers 
9. Acetate sheet and bumpers 
10. Spray bottle with water, and paper towel  
11. Emulsion remover 

Steps

1. Create an image, of what you wish to print, using permanent marker on acetate. The marker will be where the ink comes through, so think about how you want the image to come out. The marker must be opaque, so you may have to coat both sides of the acetate with the marker. (You can use 2 photo transparency prints on acetate instead, but there must be 2, taped together, for good opacity and image screening later on)

You may make as many separate images as would be layers for your screen. 

 

2. When your image is ready to be put on your screen, gather your screen, trough, photo emulsion, and sensitizer. You will mix the sensitizer with water first, and then the photo emulsion to activate the photo emulsion - go by the directions on your materials. 

3. Fill the trough, the silver triangle container pictured above, with the photo emulsion, at least a 1/4 inch thick. The reason for using so much photo emulsion is to get a good even covering on the screen.  Now, holding the screen up, lean the trough down and slowly coat the screen in one go (on the flat side) , lifting the trough back up to catch the rest of the material. Empty the left over emulsion back into its container for re-use - no wasting :)     Put your screen in a dark cupboard to dry flat for at least an hour. Go away, make some tea, mix some colors.  

4. If you have access to a light box filled with black uv lights, and with a timer attached, lucky you. Set the timer to 4 minutes (the longer hooked switch), place the screen in the box with your acetate images over top (the reverse direction of how you want them to print and on the flat side of the screen). Now place the glass on top of the screen and images, close the box, and set the timer to ON. 

If you do not have access to this sort of box, set up the flood light close above your screen covered with the acetate images and glass, in a dark room. Leave the light on for 15 minutes.

When your time is up, take out your screen. Your screen should be blue instead of the moss green now, shown above. Where the image is burned, should be a light green. Wash that light green out in a large sink with water and a soft sponge. Where the ink should come through should now be clear. 

5. Now you will want to gather your printing materials which include your registration board complete with acetate sheet for registration and clamp hinges for holding your screen in place, while you print. You should also gather your inks, transparent base extender, and spatula for mixing colors. You will also need masking tape, bumpers (small folded paper squares or cardboard bits to attach to your screen on the side it is not clamped down to the registration board; to level your screen), and your squeegee. Don't forget the screen! 

6. To screen, you will clamp your screen down to the registration board on one side, and add your bumpers to the other side. You will mask around your image with masking tape to cover those areas of your screen where you do not want the ink to go through. Using a spatula, you will add your ink above the image you will screen. Holding your screen up, you will pull the squeegee down over the image flooding your screen (for an even print). You will then put your screen back down, and pull the squeegee over the screen again. 

There should be a print of your image on the acetate, which will be used to register your image on whatever you are printing on. Lift your screen up again, and then use the squeegee to again flood the screen. Use the image on the acetate to register the image on the material you will print on. You can use a small amount of spray adhesive under the acetate to hold the acetate and the materials you will print on (paper, fabric, etc.) in place. Now that your material in the right place for printing, put the screen back down and run the squeegee over the image on screen again. Voila, a print! 

7. You can run about 5 to 6 image copies before your screen will need to be washed out with water. Wait for your screen to dry fully before you start printing again. And remember to register again using the acetate :) Repeat the above process with subsequent layers you wish to screen.

Below is the image I created to for my silk screen. It is created and printed in four layers, and with four colors.

 

8. Clean Up - Cleaning out your screen. Spray a fair amount of emulsion remover on your screen and use a scrubby to scrub out the emulsion. After the emulsion has come out, wash your screen with water. Wear gloves when cleaning out the screen as the emulsion remover contains skin irritants.

Trouble Shooting

A - Running ink 

- Make sure your screen is fully dry before you begin printing. 

- Make sure you have masked out all areas that you do not want ink to go through, especially around the edges of a screen. 

- Sometimes you might need to clean out your screen and begin again with re applying photo emulsion if ink is coming out of many areas you do not want

B - Emulsion will not come out
- If emulsion is left to dry on the screen for too long before exposure, the image may not wash out. In this case the screen will need to be washed out, and you may have to start from scratch. If it does not come out, the fabric on the screen may have to be replaced.

C - The ink is not coming through 

- Remember to flood the screen in between prints to keep the image wet, and not allow for bits of ink to dry in the image. 

- Sometimes you might need to clean out your screen and begin again with re applying photo emulsion, especially if very little ink is coming through 

D - The perfect image 

- Practice Warhol style, until you get what you want 

- Revel in imperfection